[math-fun] Science of electronic cameras
Please allow me to ask this somewhat off-topic question: The NY Times has an article on why smaller-pixel cameras can be worse than larger-pixel ones. It's at < http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/13/technology/personaltech/13basics.html >. The following passage strikes me as containing a number of dubious assertions. << Photons (light particles) pass through a camera’s lens and are captured by the cups in the tray. Each cup is either red, green or blue (the three colors that are the building blocks for all other colors). The more photons a cup catches, the brighter that cup’s color. Totally empty cups record black; totally full cups record white. Larger pixels (cups, remember), with larger surface areas, capture more photons per second, which in electronics-speak means a stronger signal — and in camera-speak means less noise and cleaner colors. Bigger pixels can also capture more photons per exposure without filling up, so larger pixels hold on to their color longer and don’t go white as quickly as smaller pixels.
It seems to me that any advantage conferred by larger pixels' ability to capture more photons per second is exactly nullified by their having to do so simply by virtue of their size. If the same fraction of the image plane could be covered by pixels having lower resolution than the human retina, it seems to me that making them smaller would be an advantage. If smaller pixels are not an advantage, I'd expect this to be because they require that a higher fraction of the image plane be covered by interstitial material (and so is not used to sense the image); at some point this would become noticeable. But I don't really know about electronic cameras. Are there any technoids out there who can evaluate the Times's argument? --Dan _____________________________________________________________________ "It don't mean a thing if it ain't got that certain je ne sais quoi." --Peter Schickele
On Thu, Nov 13, 2008 at 10:45, Dan Asimov <dasimov@earthlink.net> wrote:
It seems to me that any advantage conferred by larger pixels' ability to capture more photons per second is exactly nullified by their having to do so simply by virtue of their size.
The large-pixel element is well known in digital photography, where the advantage of a "full frame", 36x24mm sensor, is very noticeable over the tiny sensors used by point&shoots. The issue seems to be the noise (other radiation?) that the "cups" catch. Higher numbers of pixels caught means a higher signal to noise ratio, hence better quality. Cheers, Seb
These days I'm working for Dick Lyon, one of the co-inventors of the Foveon sensor that Henry mentioned. Dick gave a series of talks about the constraints on imaging. Here's the first one: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1995500334102318709 The sensor market is being pushed by suboptimal market forces a lot right now: cell phone makers buy insane numbers of chips and demand high pixel counts to list on their full color glossies. But it's very tricky to make a lens, especially to fit in a cell phone, that's sharp enough to resolve 1.8um^2 pixels. Then people try to use it with shaky hands with indoor lighting, and you don't get anywhere near the pixels you paid for. Electrical noise, shot noise and diffraction limiting are all significant sources of noise when you get serious about sensing, and bigger sensors help with all of those.
participants (3)
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Dan Asimov -
Jason -
Seb Perez-D