I have read that the Mandelbrot Set can also be though of as a cardioid (the main body) with circles attached to it. Looks likely to me. Does anyone know the ratio of sizes of successive circles to each other, and of the largest of them to, say, the "vertical diameter" of the cardioid? It isn't Fiegenbaum's first Constant by any chance, is it? Next: Is the arrangement (position) of the circles something which might be programmed, knowing size ratios, avoiding the standard z->z^2+c programming entirely? Tony Hanmer Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia _________________________________________________________________ The new MSN 8: smart spam protection and 2 months FREE* http://join.msn.com/?page=features/junkmail